Greenhouse-grown crops like cucumbers, tomatoes, and mushrooms have helped Canada become more self-reliant, according to a report by FCC. Between 2013 and 2023, Canada became a net exporter for some of these crops, showing how controlled environment agriculture (CEA) can support the country’s food supply.
Strawberries grown in greenhouses rose to 16.5 million pounds by 2024. Greenhouse areas outside Ontario also grew by 19% since 2013, with 70 new operations. This expansion shows the opportunity to grow more foods at home and reduce the need for imports.
Figure 2 Canadian Fruit and Vegetable Supply by Source
FCC and Statistics Canada
Canadian Fruit and Vegetable Supply by Source
Figure 2 highlights that while some crops like cucumbers are well-supplied by greenhouses, others like green beans are mostly still imported. New technologies and more research could help expand greenhouse crop types.
Threat: High costs and shrinking workforce
Setting up indoor farms is costly. Land, lighting, and climate control systems demand big investments. Operating costs are also rising at 6% each year. Though sales have slightly outpaced costs, profits remain slim.
FCC notes that younger workers in the sector are declining fast—down 8% per year. For every retiring worker, there are only 4.2 younger replacements. Lack of access to energy, water, and waste services in some areas also limits new greenhouse projects.
Bottom Line
Greenhouse farming supports Canada’s fresh food supply but cannot meet all demand yet. To succeed, the sector must overcome cost, labour, and infrastructure barriers. But, as farmers know, not everything can be grown in a greenhouse environment.