Proper nutrition remains one of the most influential factors in the productivity and long-term profitability of sheep operations, especially for flocks geared toward consistent production.
According to the American Lamb Industry Roadmap Project, nutrition is among the top management areas that can significantly enhance flock performance. For this reason, producers are encouraged to regularly review and adjust their feeding strategies.
A sensible first step is monitoring body condition scores. Ideally, ewes should head into the breeding season with a score around 3 on a five-point scale. Reaching this benchmark ensures they respond well to flushing, an increase in nutritional intake prior to breeding which can improve ovulation rates and boost the chances of multiple births.
Producers who lamb outside the typical season often find that winter-lambing ewes enter spring in thinner condition due to the demands of milk production. Access to high-quality spring pasture when and where possible in Canada can help these ewes regain condition and improve rebreeding outcomes.
In some cases, providing approximately half a pound of grain per ewe daily can further increase energy levels to support ovulation.
While pasture and forage usually meet nutritional needs during early and mid-gestation, demands rise steeply in the final third of pregnancy. Guidelines highlight a sharp increase in total digestible nutrient (TDN) needs during late gestation and early lactation, particularly for ewes raising twins.
Protein requirements also surge nearly quadrupling from maintenance levels to peak lactation. If ewes are underfed during this period, lambs may be born smaller and weaker, posing greater challenges, especially in colder weather.
Good maternal nutrition also enhances colostrum quality and volume. Since lambs rely on colostrum for immunity and warmth in the first 24-48 hours, ensuring ewes are well fed directly contributes to higher survival rates.
Fresh, clean water is equally important, as water intake drives feed consumption and rises during hot weather. During the cold winter months ensure unfrozen water continues to be available.
Mineral supplementation specific to sheep helps maintain flock health, reproductive efficiency, and growth. Though minerals may seem costly, they can provide long-term value by supporting overall productivity.