In honour of the annual Pollinator Week, Small farm thought we would share some beginner tips about to support bees on a small farm.
Adding bees to a small farm can be both rewarding and beneficial—providing pollination for crops, producing honey, and contributing to the health of local ecosystems. But successful beekeeping takes preparation, observation, and ongoing care.
The first step is choosing the right hive setup. Most small-scale beekeepers use Langstroth hives, which are modular and widely supported. Place hives in a sunny, sheltered location with good airflow and nearby access to clean water. Avoid low-lying damp areas, and face the hive entrance southeast for morning sun.
It’s important to understand bee biology and seasonal behavior. A colony’s strength depends on a healthy queen, worker bees, and available forage. Bees need access to flowering plants from early spring to late fall—consider planting pollinator-friendly flowers and avoiding chemical sprays near the hive.
New beekeepers typically purchase a “nuc” (nucleus colony) or a package of bees with a mated queen. Spring is the ideal time to start, giving the colony the whole season to establish. Be sure to wear proper protective gear and use a smoker to calm the bees during inspections.
Routine hive inspections—every 7–10 days during the active season—help monitor the colony’s health and spot issues early, like disease, overcrowding, or queen problems. Watch for signs of pests like Varroa mites, which are a leading threat to bee health. Integrated pest management and treatments, when necessary, are part of regular care.
Harvesting honey usually happens in late summer or early fall, but it’s important to leave enough for the bees to survive winter. Some regions require feeding sugar syrup or pollen patties in the fall to help colonies through cold months.
Winterizing the hive means ensuring good ventilation, reducing entrances to prevent mouse access, and possibly wrapping the hive to shield it from wind. Bees cluster for warmth and remain surprisingly active inside even in frigid temperatures.
Beekeeping is regulated in many provinces, so check local requirements for hive registration, inspections, and best practices. Joining a local beekeeping club or taking a beginner course can provide invaluable support and advice as you get started.
While bees require attentive care, they don’t demand daily chores—and their impact on a small farm’s productivity and biodiversity can be immense. With a bit of learning and observation, beekeeping can be one of the most fascinating and fruitful additions to your farm.